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GOL 


PKOF.  < 


PRE 


REPORT 


•  i 


ON  TnE  PROPERTY  OF  THE 


Chebiicto  Gold  IliniDg  Company 


OF   NOVA    SCOTIA, 


By    JOHN    CAMPBELL,   Esq., 

aOVEUNMENT  GEOLOGIST  OF  NOVA   SCOTIA. 


'&% 


'    II 


i 


WITH   A   SKETCH   OF  THE 

GOLD    REGION  OF    NOYA  SCOTIA, 

By  benjamin  SILLIMAN,  JR., 

PKOF,  GENERAI,  AND  APPLIED  CHEMISTKY,  YALE  COLLEGE,  NEW  HAVEN    CT. 


ALSO 


A    LETTER    FROM    B.    C.    WILSON 


AND  THE 


BY-LAWS   OF  THE  COMPANY. 


--    BOSTON: 
PRESS  OF   GEO.    C.   RAND  &   AVERY,  3   CORNIULL. 

1  864. 


CH  EBUCTO 

GOLD   MINING    COMPANY 

OF  NOVA  SCOTIA,  HALIFAX   COUNTY. 

INCOBPORATED  ■TODKR    THE   GENERAL    STATUTES    OF  MASSACIII'SETTS. 

Capital  Stock,  $500,000,  in  100,000  Shares,  of  $5.00  each. 


OFFICERS. 

President. 
CHARLES  EDWARD   POWERS. 


Directors. 


CHARLES   E.  POWERS, 
JOHN  E.  M.   GILLEY, 


CHARLES  A.  PHELPS, 
HENRY  A.  MORSE, 


JOHN  LOW. 


Treasurer  and  Clerk. 
JOHN    E.    M.    GILLEY. 

Superintendent  at  the  Mine. 
B      C.    WILSON. 


^ 


OFFICE   OF  THE    COMPANY. 

Boston,  15  iVIerchantG  Exchange,  State  Street, 


Y 


MEMORANDA. 


;h. 


'S, 


The  Chebucto  Gold  Mining  ('oinpany  of  Nova  Scotia  is  a  corporation 
organizeil  iinrler  the  General  Statutes  of  the  dnnmonwoalth  of  Ma.ssa- 
chuf-etts,  having  a  capital  of  Five  Ilundrecl  Thousand  dollars,  divided  into 
One  Ifnndrod  Thousand  Shares  of  five  dollars  each. 

The  niiiift  is  located  in  the  Pruviiiee  of  Nova  Scot'a,  and  can  be  reached 
in  thirty-six  liours  from  IJostdU.  Telegraphic  i-oininunication  is  open  at 
both  |)oints. 

The  projierty  consists  of  ")1  areas  of  il  acres  each  of  Mining  Lands, 
vvhicli  are  considered  Ijy  coinpotoiit  persons  to  be  etpial  to  any  gold-mining 
region  in  the  United  States  or  British  Provinces. 

Two  shipments  of  gold  have  already'  been  received  from  the  agent ;  and 
the  first  four  days'  work,  with  nine  men,  yielded  over  $1,000  in  gold. 
The  Company  are  now  prosecuting  the  work  vigorously ;  having  forty  men 
at  work,  and  expect  large  shipments  by  every  English  steamer. 

The  stock  of  this  Company  has  been  subscribed  for  investment,  and  has 
been  divided  into  small  shares  (on  the  European  plan),  to  facilitate  small 
investments  in  it,  by  its  mining  operatives  and  others,  at  any  future  time 
(to  encourage  which  has  always  been  deemed  advisable). 

The  property  has  been  personally  and  carefully  examined  by  one  of  its 
Directors,  as  well  as  by  two  of  the  largest  shareholders,  in  connection  with 
the  professional  surveys. 

The  mine  is  only  12  miles  disiant  from  HaUfax,  and  is  considered  by 
those  in  the  vicinity,  well  experienced  in  gold-mining,  to  be  a  very  valua- 
ble propeity. 

it  has  a  cash  paid  up  working  (Capital  in  the  Treasury  of  twknty-five 

THOUSAND    DOLLARS,    ($25,000.00). 


i 


«-«'. 


CHEBUOTO  GOLD  MIXING  003IPANY. 


REPORT  OF  PROF.  CAMPBELL. 


Gentlemen  :  — 

In  accordance  with  your  instructions  1  iiave  examined  the 
Chebucto  Gold  Mining  Company  property  in  the  Waverley 
Gold  District,  which  is  situated  on  the  borders  of  one  of  the 
chain  of  lakes  that  forms  the  Sbubenacadie  Canal,  and  distant 
from  the  city  of  Halit;ix  about  fifteen  miles  by  railway,  and 
twelve  miles  by  the  Truro  post-road,  or  by  the  canal. 

This  convenient  geographical  position  is  a  very  important 
element  in  estimating  the  value  of  mining  property,  and 
should  not  therefore  be  overlooked. 

Gold  mining  localities  of  no  greater  value  are  eagerly 
sought  after  in  the  distant  wilds  of  Oregon,  Australia,  and  New 
Zealand  by  thousands,  who  in  doing  so  forego  all  the  comlbrts 
and  advantages  of  civilized  life,  {)ay  exorbitant  priors  for  all 
the  material  required  for  mining  purposes,  for  supp.i  f;  of  all 
kinds,  and  also  for  the  necessary  amount  of  labor,  which  may 
not  yield  after  all  more  favorable  results  than  can  be  obtained 
in  the  gold  fields  of  Nova  Scotia,  —  where  life  and  property  are 
always  secure,  supplies  of  all  kinds  cheap  and  abundant,  and 
the  price  of  labor  moderate. 


GEOLOGY   OF    THE   WAVERLEY   GOLD    DISTRICT. 

This  gold  fiield  is  located  on  a  broad  anticlinal,  which  is  the 
fourth  from  the  Atlantic  coast  of  those  great  waves  that  form 
so  important  a  feature  in  the  stratigraphical  arrangement  of  the 
gold-bearing  rocks  of  the  Province.  The  strata  among  which 
the  auriferous  leads  or  lodes  occur  belong  to  the  quartzite 
group,  and  lie  in  that  formation  a  little  over  half  a  mile  of  ver. 


ticnil  (leptlj  below  the  base  of  tlio  overlying  clav-slate  group. 
Tilt;  p>neral  ntriktj  of  the  rockn  of  this  district  in  from  S.  87°  W, 
to  X.  87''  10.,  hut  in  its  vvostern  end,  where  the  property  of  the 
Chebiicto  Gold  Mining  Company  is  located,  the  outcropping 
of  the  strata  on  the  north  side  of  the  axis  of  the  east  and  west 
line  of  uphcavel  are  tound  to  curve  gradually  more  and  more 
to  the  southwest ;  as  they  are  traced  in  that  direction,  and  on 
the  south  side  of  the  axis,  they  will  be  found  to  curve  in  like 
manner,  but  to  the  northwest,  until  they  join  those  curving 
from  th(i  ncu'th  side,  on  the  crown  of  the  axis  where  they  form 
arched  beds,  which  descend  b}'  a  slope  or  dip  of  one  foot  in 
niju-  or  ten  to  the  westward.  Therefore,  all  the  gold-bearing 
lodes  which  have  been  discovered  in  the  north  half  of  vour 
property  will  also  be  found  in  their  proper  position  in  the 
south  half  of  it,  because  the  axis  of  this  metalliferous  band  or 
line  of  upheaval  runs  across  the  lot  very  near  the  centre  of 
it;  tiiis  circumstance  cannot  tail  in  (jreath/  enhanciiKj  lt8  value 
as  a  gold  mining  property ;  for  it  gives  you  more  than  double 
the  (jxtent  of  ground  along  such  rich  lodes  as  the  Taylor  and 
Tudor  Leads  or  lodes  than  you  could  have  if  your  property 
had  been  located  all  on  one  side  of  the  axis. 

Near  the  northern  boundary  of  your  pi-operty  you  have  a 
group  of  gold-bearing  quartz  leads  or  lodes,  seventeen  in  num- 
ber, ranging  in  tiiickness  from  two  to  six  inches,  and  occupy- 
ing a  belt  one  hundred  feet  in  width;  three  of  the  best  of 
these  lie  within  five  feet  of  each  other,  and  can,  thereibre,  be 
mined  in  one  working.  At  the  distance  of  sixty  feet  south 
from  this  group  you  have  the  Tudor  Lode,  which  is  ^fifteen 
inches  in  thickness,  also  gold-beai'ing.  This  lode  is  worked 
extensively  to  the  west  of  your  western  i>oundary.  Xo  .less 
than  twenty-live  new  and. very  neat  shaft-houses  are  to  be 
seen  ranged  along  its  outcrop ;  foui'  of  the^s  are  on  your 
property  (as  I  was  informed).  I  should  mention  that  there  is 
a  lode  lying  between  the  Tudor  Lode  and  the  group  of  seven- 
teen, but  1  could  not  lind  its  exact  position  on  account  of  ice 
covering  the  pits  sunk  on  its  outcrop,  but  I  am  informed  by 
Mr.  "Wilson  that  it  is  eight  inches  in  thickness,  and  that  the 
debris  along  its  outcrop  contains  much  fine  gold.     At  the  dis- 


} 


1 


tance  of  one  hundred  and  tliirty  feet  south  from  the  Tudor 
Lode  you  have  the  firnt  of  the  Taylor  Lodes,  reached  by  a  whaft 
eighteen  feet  deep  throuj^h  drilt.  This  h)do  is  ten  iuclie« 
wide  and  rl-h  in  gold:  within  the  distance  of  forty-four  feet 
south  from  this  you  have  the  ether  two  lodes  named  the  Tay- 
lor LcjdcH ;  they  lie  within  four  feet  of  each  other  and  can  be 
mined  in  one  working,  and  their  unitc^l  width  will  make  tvicn- 
tif-fourinchei^:  one  of  these  yields  2  oz.  18  dwt.  per  ton.  The 
iirst  or  moat  northerly  of  the  Taylor  Lodes  yields  on  average 
1|  oz.  per  ton.  [  have  this  information  from  MV.  Wilson,  who 
had  charge  of  crnshing  the  fjiiartz.  All  the  lodea  above  re- 
ferred to  have  a  northerly  dij),  runging  from  an  angle  of  70° 
to  80°  of  inclination  to  the  liorizon.  The  angle  of  dip  of  the 
strata  is  found  to  got  lower  hs  we  advance  sonth  or  toward 
the  axis  of  the  line  of  upheaval ;  and  at  the  distance  of  300 
feet  south  from  the  most  southerly  of  the  Taylor  Lodes  we 
find  the  Graham  Lo'le  (so-called)  di[)ping  to  the  northward  at 
an  angle  of  about  45°,  and  cruijij»led  or  rolled  into  l»arrel-c|uartz, 
thus  indicating  very  clearly  our  near  approacdi  to  the  axis 
of  the  band  at  this  point.  The  Graham  Lode  is  nine  inches 
wide,  and  gold-bearing.  Mr.  Wilson  informed  me  that  the 
quartz  obtained  from  it  yielded  about  3  oz.  to  the  ton.  All  the 
quartz  beds  or  lodes  that  1  have  examined  on  your  property 
occupy  a  belt  of  G34  feet  of  strata ;  but,  as  the  whole  breadth 
of  this  belt  has  not  been  explored,  other  lodes  may  yet  be 
found  in  it.  Whatever  numl>er  of  beds  this  band  or  belt  of 
strata  mny  be  found  to  contain,  a  band  or  belt  in  the  south 
section  of  the  property  will  be  found  occupied  by  an  equal 
number  of  (juartz  lodes  or  beds;  or,  in  other  words,  the  quartz 
beds  found  in  tlie  north  section  of  the  property,  dipping  to 
the  northward,  will  be  found  to  be  repeated  in  its  south  sec- 
tion dipping  to  the  southward.  Of  this  there  can  be  no  doubt, 
for  the  reasons  bef(3i-e  stated.  As  regards  the  probability  of 
gold  being  more  plentiful  in  quartz  mined  a.t  a  great  depth 
than  in  that  got  near  the  surface,  the  following  statement  of 
results  obtained  in  a  shaft  on  the  Taylor  Lodes  is  of  much  im- 
portance. From  the  surface  to  a  (le})th  of  40  feet  the  average 
yield  was  I  oz.  to  the  ton.     From  40  down  to  a  depth  of  80 


^ » 


8 


foet  tho  avorac;e  yi«'l<l  wuh  I  oz.  1 1  dwt.  per  ton  ;  and  down 
at  a  (leptli  of  130  I'ert  tlie  yiolil  incioastMl  to  an  average  of* 
2  oz.  3  (lu't.  per  ion.  This  is  a  point  of  miicli  intorost  lo  you, 
for  Taylor's  nhal't  in  not  much  over  100  foot  Irom  tho  east 
bound  of  your  ])roporty,  and  tho  dilVoixnce  of  level  hotweon 
tJiesi!  ])oints  is  about  25  fo(!t.  A  shnft  put  down  near  the 
easlcni  boundary  of  your  ])roporty  must  thoretbro  be  sunk  to 
it  (leptli  of  about  200  foot  to  roach  the  zone  of  quartz  removed 
in  Taylor'n  doepest  working;,  if  the  anjj^le  of  dip  or  sloping  of 
tho  Huticlinal  is  1  foot  in  10  to  the  west  as  belbre  stated.  In 
my  Keport  on  tho  ^'oology  of  the  gold  fields  of  the  Province, 
mad(^  by  order  of  the  government  in  18()2,  I  called  attention 
to  this  feature  in  the  structural  arrangement  of  the  gold-bear- 
ing rocks. 

It  is  only  by  moans  of  vertical  sections,  or  by  showing  it  in 
model,  that  the  sidjject  can  be  sutlicieiiMy  illustrated.  The 
original  owners  of  tho  property  you  now  hold  at  Waverley 
might  have  done  much  belter  by  it  if  they  had  been  a  little 
sharper,  and  had  taken  advantage  of  information  placed  within 
their  reach  ;  but  they  did  not  do  this,  and  the  property  passed 
out  of  their  hands  -without  having  been  explored  as  it  should 
have  been.  They  did  not  know  that  the  same  lodes  found  in 
the  north  section  of  the  lot,  with  northerly  dips,  are  repeated 
in  the  south  section  of  it  with  southerly  dips,  and  that  tho 
yield  of  gold  from  quartz-veins  having  a  southerly  dip  is  very 
likely  to  be  much  larger  than  that  obtained  from  those  dip- 
ping to  the  northward.  This  is  the  case  in  all  our  gold  fields, 
but  the  cause  is  not  known;  it  is,  however,  probably  due  to 
the  direction  from  which  the  force  "was  applied  to  fold  the 
strata  and  place  them  in  the  attitude  in  which  we  find  them. 
I  have  been  studying  the  natural  history  of  the  gold-bearing- 
rock  of  this  Province  since  1849,  at  which  time  I  hrst  dis- 
covered evidence  of  their  lieing  auriferous  by  finding  gold  in 
detritus  removed  from  them  by  glacial,  action.  During  the 
years  1857  and  1858  1  endeavored  to  secure  gold-mining 
rights  on  Sable  Island,  whicti  lies  80  miles  from  the  south 
coast  of  the  Province,  but  was  refused,  and  the  gold  is 
allowed  to  remain  there  as  it  was.     And  1  may  as  well  infonn 


I) 


1 1 


I 


9 


vuu  nuw  tliiit,  during  the  Hpiing  of  1862  I  endeavored  to  get 
hold  oi'  tho  very  pru|)(>rty  you  now  hold  nt  tho  Wavorley  gold 
fitdd,  but  WiiH  too  hito.  1  would,  in  conclusion,  advJHo  you  to 
have  tlie  centre  and  south  soctiouH  of  your  [)roperty  explored 
as  Hoon  as  possible,  lor  when  rhia  is  done,  if  it  is  done  prop- 
erly, you  will  iind  that  your  ruining  claims  are  7iof  surpassed 
m  V(due  by  any  (/o/d-mining  property  iri  this  Province,  and 
that  they  will  far  exceed  your  most  sanguine  cjcpcctations, 

J.  CAMPBELL, 


PROVINCIAL  GKOLOOIST  TO  THE  PBOVINCK  OK  KOVA  SCOTIA. 


FROM  PEOF.  SILLIMAN'S  WVQWi. 


I 


Tli(!  ♦bllowiii;^'  Skctcli  is  tukon  from  Piiov.  Sillhian's  Kkpoht  to  the 
Moiit;»<fiii',  AVavc.rley,  and  other  Gold  Miiiiiip^  ('ompaiiics  <it'  Nova 
Scotia. 

liEMAKKS    ON    THE    GOLD    REGION    OF    NOVA    SCOTIA.  —  ITS    GEO- 
GRAPUICAL    EXTENT   AND    POSITION. 


•' 


The  entire  Atlantic  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  from  Cape  Sable 
on  the  west  to  Cape  Canso  on  the  easi,^  a  distance  of  about 
two  hanib'cd  Jind  fifty  miles,  is  bordered  by  a  fringe  of  hard, 
slaty  rocks,  sometimes  micaceous  schists,  more  usually  argilla- 
ceous, and  occasionally  granitic.  These  rocks,  when  strati- 
fied, are  always  found  standing  at  a  high  angle,  sometimes 
almost  veitical,  with  a  course,  in  the  main,  east  and  west. 
They  seldom  rise  to  any  great  elevation,  the  promontory  of 
Aspatogon,  about  five  hundred  feet  high,  being  the  highest 
land  (jn  tlio  Atlantic  coast  of  the  province.  The  general 
aspect  of  the  shore  is  low,  rocky,  and  desolate,  strewn  often 
with  huge  boulders  of  granite  or  quartzite,-  and  when  not 
bleak  and  rocky,  is  covered  with  forests  of  spruce  and  white 
birch.  .  > 

This  zone  of  metamorphic  rocks  varies  in  width  from  six  or 
eight  miles,  at  its  eastern  extremity,  to  forty  or  fifty  miles  at 
its  widest  points,  preserving  in  its  northern  boundary  only  a 
rude  parallelism  with  its  southern  nidrgin. 

This  district  comprises  about  six  thousand  square  miles  of 
suriaco,  and  may,  geologically  speaking,  be  called  the  Gold 
region  of  Nova  Scotia.  Not  that  gold  is  to  bo  found  in  all 
parts  of  it,  but  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  search  for  the  pre- 
cious metal  anywhere  within  tliis  region,  where  the  occur- 
rence of  quartz  vcuns  —  the  almost  sole  matrix  of  the  gold  — 
is  shown  by  boiUders  on  the  surface. 


11 


It  is  true  that  gold  has  boeu  fl)und  outside  of  the  limits 
here  assigned,  as  at  the  liead  of  St.  Mary's  Bay  in  Digby 
County,  and  on  Breton  Island  in  Inverness  County,  and  it  is 
by  no  means  impi'obable  that  these  discoveries  may  extend  to 
the  newer  metamorphic;  rooks  in  other  parts  of  the  province, 
the  analogy  of  other  gold  regions  leading  .decidedly  to  that 
belief. 

A  large  part  of  the  district  named  is  little  better  than  an 
unexplored  wilderness ;  and  the  fact  that  the  discoveries 
which  have  been  made  are,  in  a  majority  of  cases,  on  the  sea- 
shore, where  the  country  is  open  and  the  search  is  easy,  by 
no  means  diminishes  the  probabilities  tliat  continued  search 
in  the  less  frequented  portions  of  the  region  will  be  re- 
warded with  new  discoveries  as  important  us  any  which  are 
now  known. 


OEOLOGJCAL    AND    PHYSICAL   CIIAEACTEK    OF   T7TH   GOLD   REGION. 

There  is  no  positive  evidence  of  the  geological  age  of  the 
auriferous  rocks  of  the  Atlantic  l)order.  No  trace  of  a  fossil 
has  yet  been  found  in  any  of  the  slates  or  associated  rocks. 
Opinion  seems  to  favor  the  belief  that  they  beJong  to  the 
Silurian  age ;  but  as  yet  no  place  has  l)een  found  where  tlie 
rocks  next  higher  in  tlio  geological  column  mny  be  seen 
resting  upon  these.  Dr.  Dawson,  in  his  "Acadian  G-eology" 
(p.  347),  evidently  favors  the  belief  tliat  they  are  probably 
raetamorphic  Siluri;>n  rocks.  That  the  rocks  are  highly 
altered  (metamorphosed)  is  very  evident  to  the  most  careless 
observer,  as  well  as  that  they  have  been  greatly  changed 
Irom  their  original  position  of  horizontality,  as  s-edimentary 
rocks,  by  upheavals,  which  have  tilted  them  up  to  a  ])osition 
almost  vertical.  The  same  causes  have  also  resulted  in  the 
segregation  or  intlUration  of  tliij  sheets  or  layers  of  white 
and  mottled  quartz,  which  are  now  the  gold  lodes,  and 
charged  the  slates  with  arsenical  and  cubical  p}Tites  in  all 
the  mineralized  bands. 

The  most  striking  physical  feature  of  this  whole  region  to 


12 


the  eye  of  a  geologist,  next,  pbrhaps,  to  the  uptiltcd  state  of 
the  slaty  rocks,  is  the  universal  evidence  of  a  high  degree  of 
glacial  action,  which  has  so  worn  dovvn  and  polished  the  rocks 
that  their  edges  everywhere  resemble  the  leaves  of  a  book 
which  has  been  cut  with  a  dull  knife  in  the  binder's  press,  in 
a  direction  at  right  angles  to  tliat  of  the  leaves. 

Over  very  considerable  ureas,  the  glacial  scouring  has  been 
so  thorough  that  nothing  whatc^ver  is  left  on  the  rocks  but 
the  groves  and  striae  which  accompany  their  polish.  In 
other  cases,  the  glacial  drift  is  seen,  composed  of  angular, 
rarely-rounded  fragments  of  quartzite  and  cla}'-  slate,  imbedded 
in  a  tough  clay  resting  on  the  surface  of  the  polished  rocks. 
This  detrital  matter  is  auriferous,  but  a  large  amount  of  coarse 
angular  fragments  of  rocks  Avould  render  it  very  diflicult  *to 
wash,  even  where  it  occurs  in  situations  where  water  could  be 
conveniently  obtained  for  sluicing.  The  gold  which  it  contaLiis 
is  coarse  and  angular,  often  still  attached  to  the  quartz,  and 
showing  butlitiio  evidence  ofloug  transportation.  The  "Boul- 
der Lot"  at  Slierbrook  has  yielded  a  considerable  amount  of 
gold  from  this  glacial  drift,  and  is  rewarding  its  owners  hand- 
somely. Probabl}''  too  little  attention  has  been  given  in  the 
province  to  this  source  of  gold,  the  quartz  veins  alone  having 
been  the  chief  object  of  attention. 

Everywhere  over  this  whole  district,  the  eye  of  the  ob- 
server is  constantly  arrested  by  the  long  lines  of  granitic  and 
quartzite  boulders  which  have  been  left  in  trains  by  the  gla- 
ciers upon  the  surface  of  the  polished  rocks.  These  at  times 
recall  strongly  the  moraines  of  tiio  Swiss  glaciers,  and  rival 
them  in  the  magnitude  oJ  the  transported  blocks.  Some  of  the 
most  striking  cases  of  this  sort  which  I  saw  were  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Musquodobit  Harbor,  also  on  the  flanks  of  the  Musquod- 
obit  Mountains,  and  on  the  elevated  plateau  l)etween  Joddore 
Bay  and  Ship  Harbor  known  as  the  "  Barrens."  Here  the 
boulders  of  white  quartz  are  also  very  conspicuous.  Some 
very  striking  examples  of  a  like  chara(;tcr  occur  also  on  the 
hills  north  of  Oldham,  in  the  vicinity  of  Gay's  River. 

The  general  course  of  the  strike  of  the  rocks  is  east  and 


1* 


I 


I 


l; 


west.  Between  Hammond  Plaina  and  Tangier,  for  a  distance 
of  nearly  one  hundred  miles,  this  east  and  west  course  is  so 
marked  that  it  may  be  considered  universal.  This  course  is 
not  usually  over  5°  or  6"  away  from  the  magnetic  meridian, 
and  is  usually  south  by  that  quantity.  But  to  the  east  and 
west  of  the  points  named,  the  strata  bend  round  to  the  sea,  so 
that  the  whole  system  assumes  very  much  the  ibrm  of  a 
bow,  whose  arc  or  string  is  the  coast  line,  the  strata  at  each 
end  losing  themselves  in  the  ocean. 

Consequently,  for  a  great  part  of  the  whole  coast  the  gla- 
cial scratches,  or  course  of  the  glacial  drift,  has  been  almost 
at  right  angles  to  tlie  strike  of  the  rocks.  A  most  conspicu- 
ous example  of  this  may  be  seen  at  the  Round  Tower  near 
Halifax,  where  a  large  surface  of  the  harder  slates  is  com- 
pletely denuded,  and  shows  splendidly  the  whole  phenomena 
of  glacial  action.  These  facts  bear  in  a  most  important  man- 
ner, it  will  be  seen,  upon  the  occurrence  of  the  gold.  They 
account,  in  fact,  for 


THE  GENERAL  ABSENCE  OF   ALLrVlAL   GOLD. 

If  we  consider  for  a  moment  the  physical  and  geological 
features  just  described,  it  at  once  becomes  evident  tliat  the 
great  mass  of  loose  materials  which  came  from  the  scouring  off 
the  country  by  glacial  action  has  gone  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  where  the  gold  is  safely  deposited.  Sable  Island, 
which  by  Mackinlay's  map  is  distant  about  one  hundred  miles 
iVom  the  shore,  is  a  sana-i^pit  thirty  miles  long  by  about  hall' 
a  mile  wide,  shaped  hke  a  bow,  and  consists  entirely  of  an  accu- 
mulation of  loose  white  sands.  Mr.  Canq^bell,  the  Provincial 
geologist,  informs  me  that  he  washed  gold  from  these  sands 
in  1857,  and  that  it  was  in  very  small,  highly-polished  scales, 
like  the  tine  gold  of  California;  that  it  came  with  the  sands 
which  it  accompanied*  from  the  scouring  off  of  Nova  Scotia, 
no  geologist  can  doubt  for  a  moment.  It  follows  from  tliis 
view  of  the  case  that  the  occurrence  of  extensive  diggings  in 
Nova  Scotia  is  a  thing  not  to  be  expected.     No  long  Sacra- 


14 


raento  valley  hag  retained  here  the  ffpoils  of  the  glacial  epoch, 
and  the  fact  appeai'H  to  have  been  practically  recog-nized  from 
the  outset,  as  comparatively  few  cilbrts  have  been  made  to 
obtain  gold  from  any  source  but  from  the  quartz  vein. 

The  success  following  the  washings  of  the  .^anda  near 
Lunenburg  was,  however,  encouraging,  and  there  are,  doubt- 
less, places  of  considerable  extent  in  the  numerous  harbors 
and  bays  of  the  coast,  where  auriferous  sands  exist  in  remu- 
nerative abundance.  Tlie  bottoms  of  some  lakes,  which  can 
bo  drained,  furnish  considerable  deposits  of  alluvial  gold,  and 
tho  same  is  true,  no  doubt,  of  certain  river  estuaries  and 
marsh  lands,  which  have  hitherto  attracte'd  too  little  attention. 
Such,  probably,  are  the  flats  bordering  oti  Clicdabucto  Bay. 

CHARACTERISTIC   ROCKd   OF  THE  GOLD   REGION. 


QUARTZITE.  —  The  most  noticeable  rock  in  the  gold  regions 
of  Nova  Scotia  is  a  darlv  gray,  almost  black,  rock,  which  is 
called  by  the  miners  "  V»'inn,"  or  *'  Whin,"  a  Scotch  term  for  an 
igneous  rock  resembling  trap  or  diorite.  The  rock  to  which 
tliis  name  is  applied  in  Nova  Scotia  is  in  reality  a  granular 
quartz  rock  called  quart  zite.  It  is  a  very  hard,  compact  rock, 
consisting  of  grains  of  quartz  or  sand  consolidated  into  an  ex- 
tremely line  mass.  Its  lines  of  bedding  are  quite  distinct,  and 
it  has  three  very  well-defined  planes  of  cleavage  (one  of  which 
is  the  bedding), by  which  it  l)reaks  out  into  very  regular  shaped 
masses,  so  regular  often  as  to  simulate  artilicial  surfaces.  It 
is  usually  dark  gray,  often  almost  black,  in  color,  but  on  ex- 
posure, weathers  very  nearly  white,  so  that  on  the  surface  it 
presents  often  an  almost  glaring  appearance  in  the  sunshme. 
It  shows  frequently  abundant  stains  of  iron,  from  the  decom- 
position of  arsenical  pyrites  (mispic];el)  and  yellow  iron  py- 
rites, with  which  it  is  always  highly  charged  in  the  metallifer- 
ous districts.  The  fresh  cleavag-e  surfactiS  of  tho  rock  olten 
glisten,  as  if  with  scales  of  mica,  but  in  reahty  with  the 
bi'illiant  cleavage  planes  of  pyrites. 

Tliia  rock  attains  an  enormous  thickness,  and  is  undoubtedly 


^ 


ir> 


K  I 


4 


the  fundamental  or  basement  rock  of  the  rcp^ion.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell, in  bis  Report  on  the  Gold  FieUJs,  made  by  authority  of 
tho  Provincial  Legislature,  estimuteB  it  as  over  a  mile  in 
thickness ;  and  ho  inibrms  nie  that  in  the  section  of  the  rail- 
road at  Schubenacadio,  he  has  moassured  it  of  that  thick- 
ness. It  frequenliy  forms  the  foot-wall  of  the  gold-beaj'ing 
veins. 

This  rock,  according  to  tho  section  vvhich  Mr.  Campbell  has 
prepared,  comes  to  the  surface  six  times  between  the  Atlantic 
coa.st  and  the  northern  boundary  of  the  gold  district,  say  thirty 
or  forty  miles.  As  in  each  case  the  associated  rocks  accompany 
it,  and  with  them  the  auriferous  quartz,  it  is  plam  that  if  this 
structure  is  clearly  established  as  that  of  the  district,  there 
must  be  not  less  than  twelve  parallel  zones,  at  an  average  dis- 
tance of  not  more  than  three  miles  from  each  other,  in  which 
the  explorer  may  reasonably  look  for  the  occurrence  of  gold- 
bearing  quartz.  My  own  explorations  were  not  sufficiently 
extended  to  enable  me  to  satisfy  myself  of  the  accuracy  of 
this  generalization,  which,  rf  true,  is  of  the  highest  impor- 
tance. 


Slates. — Of  the  accompanying  slates  in  which  the  gold- 
bearing  quartz  appears,  and  of  the  quartz  itself,  I  shall  speak 
in  sutHcient  detail  under  other  heads.  Nor  is  it  needful  to 
dwell  in  this  connection  on  the  granites  of  the  Musquodobit 
range  or  of  the  Eastern  district. 

The  middle  districts  are  remarkable  for  the  absence  of  mi- 
ca,ceous  scbists,  and  of  magnesian  rocks.  Not  an  example  of 
talcoso  slate  occurs,  so  far  as  I  have  obsei'ved,  between  Ham- 
mond Plains  and  the  Tangier  River  ;  but  to  the  east  of  that 
point,  magnesian  rocks  make?  their  appearance  ;  and  at  Wine 
Harbor,  the  gold  occurs  in  a  greenish  magnesian  rock,  closely 
resembling  serpentine  or  indurated  talc. 

Chloritic  rocks  appear  in  the  T.-ingiei'  district,  but  they  are 
rare  compnrod  with  the  argillites,  wiiich  form,  next  to  the 
quarizite,  the  predominant  feature  in  the  geology  of  the  Mid- 
dle districts. 


16 


MINING    AND   DII:VINAGE  OF  JONES. 

One  peculiar  physicul  ibaturo  of  this  region,  which  strikes 
the  observer  at  once,  iind  whicli  is  also  connected  with  ita 
geological  stru(;trire,  is  the  remarkiible  number  of  small  lakes. 
They  seem  to  bo  as  numerous  as  the  little  islands  vvhicli  dot 
the  shores,  or  the  countless  luubors  which  everywhere  indent 
tliem  on  the  Atlantic  border.  It  appears  that  these  lakes 
exist  in  consequence,  primarily,  of  the  extreme  compactness 
and  tightness  of  the  rock-sl<rata,  which,  although  turned  up  on 
edge,  are  so  tight  bound  as  to  slmt  out  almost  completely  the 
percolation  of  surface-water.  This  fact  has  an  unexpected  re- 
lation to  mining,  in  the  remarkabhi  absence  of  water,  which 
is  a  consequence  of  it.  In  no  place  which  I  visited  had  the 
water  proved,  thus  far,  a  matter  of  sufficient  moment  to  re- 
quire other  aid  in  its  removal  than  a  few  buckets  daily  Avould 
supply.  In  one  case,  in  Waverly,  the  levels  are  extended  at 
the  depth  of  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  below  the  water  in 
Lake  Thomas,  which  is  distant  but  a  few  paces,  and  still  the 
water  accumulating  in  these  mines  was  only  one  bucketful  in 
twenty-four  hours. 

I  conversed  with  Captain  Opie,  an  intelligent  Cornisti-man, 
in  charge  of  the  mines  and  mills  of  the  English  Company,  and 
he  assured  me  that  nowhere  in  the  Province  was  there  a  wet 
mine,  or  likely  to  be.  There  is  a  large  element  of  compensa- 
tion in  this  fact  in  the  hardness  of  tht-  rocks,  and  the  conse- 
quent cost  of  mining.  And  the  same  quality  has  compensa- 
tion also  in  the  diminished  cost  of  timbering  under-ground, — 
almost  all  the  levels  I  have  seen  being  strong  enough  to  stand 
without  timber. 

The  drainage  of  some  of  the  lakes,  which  are  favorably 
situated  for  sluicing,  will,  also,  beyond  doubt,  furnish  an  avail- 
able source  of  alluvial  gold,  as  already  proved  at  least  in  one 
case. 

ON   TUfi  GOLD-REARINO   QUARTZ. 

There  are  two  ilasses  of  quartz  veins  in  Nova  Scotia:  —  1. 
Those  which  cut  across,  or  intersect  at  various  angles  the 
stratilied  rocks.  2.  Those  which  occur  parallel  to  the  rocks, 
or  are,  in  geological  phrase,  conformable  to  the  strata. 


\': 


I 

\ 


f 


h 


1^ 


I 

i 


: 


17 


The  Orst  arc  usually  more  or  less  irregular  in  their  couibg, 
and  are  seldom  <.)r  never  auriferous,  or  it'  so,  only  to  a  limited 
di^grec.  Such  veins  are  known  in  Nova  Scotia  by  the  local 
name  of  "  IJiiil  V(?ins,"  Tliev  consist,  as  far  as  I  have  seen 
them,  of  compact  white  «.[uart>:,  sometimes  ferruginous,  hut  not 
metalliferous,  and  vvliat  a  Cornish  miner  would  call  "  imkindly 
iljr  ore ; '"  a  well-known  example  is  the  cross  vein  in  the  Tan- 
gier set. 

The  second  class  of  quartz  veins  is  the  one  which  I'urnislies 
a  matrix  for  the  gold.  They  are  always  parallel  to  the  asso- 
ciated slaty  rocks,  and  partak<?  of  the  foldings  and  irregular- 
ities to  which  these  are  subject.  They  are  of  all  dimensions 
as  respects  thickness,  from  a  mere  line  or  fraction  of  an  inch 
up  to  eight  or  nine  feet  or  more  ;  the  largest,  which  I  have 
myself  measured,  being  at  Hammond  Plains,  where  the  i\Iitch- 
ell  Lode  measures  over  eight  feet,  and  the  Middle  Lode  six 
and  one-half  feet. 

As  a  rule,  tlie  quartz  veins  in  Nova  Scotia  are  not  large, 
being  more  usually  from  four  to  fifteen  inches  ;  and  the  larg- 
est veins  in  thickness  are  not  usually  the  richest  in  gold. 

There  are  two  very  distinct  classes  of  quartz  veins  among 
the  auriferous  lodes.  The  first  are  composed  of  crystalline 
quartz,  often  quite  white,  sc>raetimes  mottled,  having  the  gold 
usually  in  coarse,  visible  particles,  and  show*ing  a  decided 
tendency  to  crystallization,  also,  in  the  associated  minerals. 
Such  are  the  "  Negro  "  Lode,  at  Tangier,  the  Montague  Lode, 
Taylor's  South  Lode,  at  Waverly,  ;uid  some  of  the  lodes  at 
Hammonfl  Plains. 

The  second  class  I  should  designate  as  veins  of  a  slaty 
structure  ;  the  quartz  being  lamellar  or  fissile  in  planes  par- 
allel to  the  bedding ;  the  faces  of  the  lamina)  being  striated 
like  the  surface  of  the  slates  :  the  coloi  being  usually  dark, 
sometimes  blue  or  blackish,  sometimes  ferruginous,  and  of  an 
oily  lustre.  The  gold  is  usually  disseminated  more  finely  in 
these  ^  ein<,  or  lies  in  plates  on  their  borders,  and  sometimes 
is  quite  invisible.  Of  this  class  are  the  Field  Lode  Copper's 
Lake,   the    Leary    Lode,   and    Lake    Lode,  at   Tangier,   the 


18 


J^V 


Blue  Lode  at.  Okllium,  tlio  i^maller  veins  at  Wine  Harbor,  and 
many  others.  I(  i.s  impossible  to  say  t<>  wliich  class  the  pref- 
er('n(;e  should  ho  L^iven,  although  undoul>lediy  the  tirst  is  the 
one  which  conl'orins  most  closely  to  the  cihuraoter  of  mineral 
V(Mns  in  general:  but  on  the  other  hand,  somo  ol' the  most 
productive  veins  in  the  province  belong  to  the  latter  class. 

As  regards  the  wall-rocks,  between  which  the  quai'tz  lodes 
are  coniined,  in  a  majority  of  cases,  which  I  hiwc  myself  seen, 
the  upper  or  lianging  wall  is  quartzlte,  and  the  lowi?r  or  foot- 
wall  is  blue  elate ;  sometimes  both  walls  are  slate,  but  I  do 
not  find  in  my  notes  an  example  in  which  both  waifs  were 
quartzite. 

The  associated  sul[)huret8  as  a  ruU;  s-iiow  a  tendency  in 
some  cnses  —  perhaps  in  a  majority  of  instances  —  to  segre- 
gate on  the  lower  or  foot-wall  side.  In  other  cases,  they 
seem  to  be  pretty  (ivenly  disseminated  through  the  body  of 
the  quartz.  But  the  gold  is  almost  invariably  associated  with 
the  sulphurets  when  it  is  visible,  and  most  frequently  of  all 
with  the  mispi(*kel  or  arsenical  pyrites,  although  1  often  saw 
it  with  zinc  blende,  and  more  rarely  with  galena. 

The  mispickol  or  arsenical  pyrites,  is  frequently  foinid  in 
considerable  masses  on  the  foot-Avall,  occurring  as  bunches, 
oftentimes  of  many  pounds  weight,  iml)edded  in  blue  slate, 
and,  as  far  as  I  have  observed,  always  auriferous.  This  is  es- 
pecially the  case  in  the  Montague  vein  at  Lake  Loon,  in  the 
Leary  and  Negro  Lodes,  at  Tangier,  and  at  the  "  White 
Head,"  at  Oldham.  Sufficient  attention  has  not  been  })aid  to 
this  feature  of  the  Nova  Scotia  veins,  and  there  is  good  reason 
to  believe  that  in  many  cases  the  miners  have  failed  to  take 
down  the  foot-wall  slate  when  it  was  pyritous,  not  being  aware 
of  its  value,  since,  by  the  process  of  crushing  and  amalgamat- 
ing alone,  but  a  small  part  of  the  gold  contained  in  the  mat- 
rix can  be  saved.  It  demands  an  entirely  difierent  treatment. 
Aviiich  will  be  menti(med  in  its  [)roper  place.  At  Montague, 
indeed,  it  is  evident  to  the  most  uninstructed  person  that  the 
Mispickel  is  auriferous,  as  hardly  a  lump  of  it  can  be  broken 
without  exposing  scales  of  th(-  precious  metal ;  and  tlie  de- 


i 


: 


(1 . 


l<:;j  ' 


19 


1 


tached  bits  of  tho  pyrites  aro  not  uul'requcnily  hold  together 
by  gold-throads,  or  iittlo  veins,  which  arc  occasionally  strong 
enough  to  require  to  l)e  cut  a{)art  l)y  a  ciiisel. 

As  regards  the  cxt«>,nt  of  the  (jiiartz-lodes  and  thtiir  depth, 
as  well  as  the  unirormiry  of  diliusion  of  the  gold  in  tliem,  i); 
may  be  said  that  the  snraller  veins  are  rarely,  if  over,  contin- 
uous for  any  great  distance,  or  more  than  a  few  hundred  feet. 
Probably  they  never  run  across  tlie  intervening  valleys  to  reap- 
pear in  the  opposite  hill-side  ;  but,  on  the  otlier  hund,  they  aro 
not  uufrequently  succeeded  by  another  series;  or,  perhaps,  tho 
same  vein  is  now  shut  oil",  the  slate-walls  dividing  it  entirely ; 
and  then,  after  an  interval,  opening  again  with  its  former  ap- 
pearance and  thickness.  The  larger  veins  are,  as  a  rule,  con- 
tinuous for  mucl)  longer  distances,  —  not  alway:^  without 
faults,  as  at  ''Montague,"  where  there  is  an  olfset  of  thirty-live 
feet  or  more  {hut  this  is  common,  also,  to  all  the  suifUler  veins 
of  the  set),  but  the  vein  as  a  ^>hole  has  been  opened  more  than 
half  a  mile  ;  and  the  more  powerful  veins  at  Hammond  Plains 
extend,  probably,  over  a  mile,  and  those  at  Tangier  about 
lil'teen  hundred  feet. 

In  depth  there  is  no  doubt  they  also  extend  as  far  as  it  is 
))robable  they  will  ever  be  explorod.  As  regards  improve- 
ment in  depth,  it  may  be  said  there  are  numerous  examples  of 
several  small  parallel  veins  separated  at  the  surface  by  thin 
partings  of  slate,  which,  at  a  moderate  depth,  have  been  found 
united  into  one  powerful  lode.  No  doubt  the  same  fluctua- 
tions will  be  found  in  depth  which  are  noticed  in  width,  along 
the  surface  line,  and  the  .same  changes  in  productiveness. 
There  is  a  tendency  in  particular  veins  to  the  accumulation 
of  grdd  along  certain  lines  of  structure  in  the  vein,  where  tho 
yield  is  much  above  the  avemge ;  but  in  such  cases  the  adjacent 
parts  are  comparatively  poor.  It  has  been  observed  that,  wher- 
ever a  remarkable  nugget  was  tbund  in  a  vein,  the  adjacent  por- 
tions were  well-nigh  sterile  at  a  shc^rt  distance  from  the  rich 
deposit.  A  remarkable  example  of  tliis  occurred  in  the  Barrel 
quartz  of  Laidlaw's  Hill  two  years  ago,  when  a  mass  of  the 
quartz  vein  of  perhaps  two  cubic  feet  capacity  yielded,  as  1 


20 


r 


was  inlbrmcd.  ibrty-livc  liunclr(Ml  dollars  in  g<>M,  and  tlio  price 
of  Htock  wont  lip  in  a  low  iiunrs  Irom  iiv(3  dolkirri  to  forty  dol- 
lars; but  the  adjaixMit  portions  of  the  qnartz  for  a  coiisiidc'rablo 
dititanco  proved  lobo  (piito  barron.  Other  ihings  lioinp,- equal, 
thoHO  aro  undoubtedly  the  most  dcsiraliJe  lodes  in  which  there 
is  a  moderate  amount  of  gold  evenly  dill'uHed  in  a  powerful 
body  of  (juajtz,  which  ean  be  taken  (Hit  at  a.  .small  cost  of 
mining-,  and  supplied  iu  large  and  steady  quantities  to  the 
Rtampa. 

Tn  ilhistration  of  this  point  I  will  here  quote  a  passage  from 
a  pa])('r  on  ,^•old  mining',  by  John  Arthur  Phillips,  f]sq.,  of  Lon- 
don, well  known  on  both  sides  of  the  water  lor  his  skill  as  a 
mining  engineer.  This  paper  was  read,  May  16,  1800,  before 
the  Society  of  Arts,  in  London.  Mr.  l*hillips  says  (p.  424, 
Vol.  10  of  the  ►Society's  Journal), — 

"  As  an  instance  of  the  small  yield  of  gold,  which  even  in 
Australia,  is  at  the  present  time  remunerative,  I  quote  the  Ibl- 
lowing  results  of  the  Colonial  and  Port  Philip  Company.  It 
must,  however,  be  observed  that,  to  obtain  a  satisfactory  profit 
from  ores  of  this  class,  it  i:!  necessary  not  only  that  large  quan- 
tities should  l>e  treated,  buit  also  that  the  greatest  economy 
should  bi;  observed  in  every  department  of  the  manipulation. 

^'  The  quantity  of  quartz  crushed  by  this  Com])any  between 
October  1,  18G0,  and  September  30,  1801,  was  32,258  tons, 
from  which  the  produce  was  24,330  oz.  6  dwts.,  being  nn 
average  of  15-2  dwts.  per  trm.  The  quantity  crushed  during 
the  preceding  year  was  21,693  tons,  and  the  produce  17,400 
oz.,  being  an  average  of  10  dwts.  per  ton,  showing  an  increase 
in  crushing  of  10,503  tons,  and  on  the  yield  of  gold  of  0,870 
oz.  over  tlic  same  period  of  the  previous  year. 

"It  will  h(}  perceived  that  the  yield  of  gold  per  ton  had 
ex]Derienced  a  variation  of  22  grs.,  equal  to  5]  per  cent. 

"  The  total  expenditure  per  ton  has  been  12s. ;  in  the  pre- 
ceding year  it  was  TOs. 

''  The  profits  on  the  quartz-crushing  for  the  year  ending 
September  30,  were  X22,9o8,  16s.  5d." 


f  i' 


h 


! 


^r 


21 


19  TEE   GOLD   CONFINKl)   TO  TUli  QUARTZ  ? 

While  beyond  doubt.  Ilio  quartz-veinn  arc  tho  chief  gold- 
bearing  rocks,  it  yet  roinuinrt  to  bo  proved  that  they  are  the 
only  oney.  It  is  common  to  see  tho  gold  in  tho  blue  Hhito  adja- 
cent to  the  quartz,  an(t  L  have  seen  a  zone  of  quartzito  in  the 
Montague  district,  mixed  with  slate,  which  showed  "sights" 
of  gold  in  tho  quartzito,  and  gave  over  an  ounce  to  tho  ton 
on  some  tons  wliich  wore  tried  as  a  sample.  A  talcose  slate 
at  Wine  Harbor,  whifli  I  have  Been,  is  beautifully  plated  with 
gold  ;  and  McDonald  Sutliurlanfl,of  Oldham,  owner  of  a  quartz 
mill,  informed  mi"  that  he  had  crushed  a  slate  from  that  region 
which  yielded  him  over  an  ounce  to  the  ton.  Investigation  is 
certainly  required  to  ascertain  the  truth  in  this  matter;  but, 
from  analogies  of  other  gold  districts,  we  are  authorized  in 
expecting  that  the  associated  rocks  will  sometimes  be  aurifer- 
ous. 


' 


EEMAKKABLE    INSTANCES   OF   PRODUCTIVENESS  IN  TEE  NOVA 

SCOTIA  VEINS. 

While  tho  prudent  adventurer  will  regard  with  superior 
interest  the  reliable  average  yield  of  auriferous  veins  as  the 
only  safe  basis  of  expectation,  it  is  always  pleasant  to  see  tiie 
prizes  which  the  letter}^  offers,  —  not  forgetting  the  blanks.  1 
took  pains  to  collect  such  authentic  examples  as  fell  in  my 
way  while  in  Nova  Scotia,  the  official  character  which  is  given 
by  law  to  the  mining  records  rendering  it  easy  to  do  so. 

Two  poor  men  at  Isaac's  Harbor,  almost  without  capital,  com- 
menced work  on  a  quartz  lodo  of  six  inches,  which,  at  a  depth 
of  30  feet  became  two  feet,  and  in  402  days'  work  they  ob- 
tained 24G  ounces  of  goM,  and  had  each  a  profit  of  over  $2,000 
for  their  labor.  This  was  claim  No.  12,  on  the  lode,  and  No. 
13,  the  next  one  adjoining,  is  turning  out  even  better,  the 
month  of  Noveml'cr  giving  8j  ounces  of  gold  for  all  the  quartz 
raised. 

"The  Triad  Company,"  lor  July,  from  22  tons  obtained 


22 


146  oiincos,  or  over  0^,  ouniX!r<  to  tlio  ton  J  and  the  samo  com- 
pany, in  Aii;j,iist,  o]>tiiinc'l  Iron)  26  tons  000  pounds,  83  oiincos 
of  i^old  ;  lor  Octolicr,  IVoh>  .-i.'j  toiiH,  140  ouncos. 

'I'Ik!  Ifallio  liodo,  at  VVino  .IIiir]K)r,  Um  yic^ldcd  GO  ouncch'  to 
tho  toi),  aud  (iG  ouikm's  I'nnn  l|  tons  of  qnurtz. 

Ijullcr  S:  Co.,  at  VVino  llarlior,  lor  Suptenilier,  IVoni  20  kmn 
took  (>0  ounces,  and  lor  October,  (rom  30  tons  800  pounds, 
took  1)5  ounces. 

At  li!ii{(5  Loon  (tho  Montague  property),  Koljinson  &  Co. 
took  a  nugf^ot  of  ii;oU\,  found  in  tho  raispicivol,  wliicli  W(;ighed 
22  ouucgh;  and  the  .stuiri'rom  tho  vein  has  vieidcd  tioni -l  to  G 
ounce's  to  the  ton. 

A  lot  of  2,.'>00  pounds  of  selected  quartz,  from  tho  Sontli 
Taylor  Lode,  in  Waverly,  crushed  l)y  IJufr,  yielded  22  ounces 
of  gold,  and  a  lot  of  tho  samo  lode,  nnseleeted,  yioldcMl  2] 
ounces  to  the  ton. 

At  Oldham,  is  a  small  vein  of  about  an  inch  or  two  in  thick- 
ness, which  is  owned  by  four  workmen,  who  have  token  Ironi 
it  GO  ounces  to  tl)e  ton  of  quartz. 

Mr.  Fraidvfort  Davis,  owner  of  a  cn-ushing-mill  at  Oldham, 
gave  mo  the  following  'statement  of  remnrkable  products, 
from  his  official  returns,  on  the  quartz  from  various  lodes  in 
Oldham :  — 


4  tons 

yielded 

16 

ounces 

5  dwt. 

1     ^' 

ti 

20 

3 

6     " 

u 

21 

17 

2     " 

11 

6 

12 

14    "    " 

11 

C5 

6 

n " 

it 

65 

10 

13    " 

ti 

69 

10 

2    " 

11 

9 

12 

I     '^ 

li 

3 

8 

12i  " 

a 

78 

2     '■' 

u 

33 

hi 

5 

Hi  " 

(I 

57 

a 

Or  in  round  numbers  an  average  of  5  ounces  to  the  ton,  on 
about  100  tons  of  quartz  crushed.     While  on  the  other  hand, 


28 


■tl'J  ((»iH  fVorn  tlm  sumo  flistrict  yic^ldod  un  u,y;grogate  of  821 
oiuircs,  (»r  iii)t  (jiiito  'J  ounces  to  tlio  ton. 

At  Wine  lliirbor  a  group  nt"  void  ,  "ti  tlio  Mi(J(lIo  Lodo,  Iiafl 
yic'ldcil,  to  tlio  prt'suut  deptU  itt'  10  (cot,  <>vor  ;'>  oz,  of  gold  to 
(lie  toil  of  (pisirt/. 

Mr.  O'Couuor,  ouo  of  the  lour  owners  of  a  oUiiiu  on  the 
I\lontaguo  vein,  informed  mo  'tliiit  ii  lot  of  tlio  qtiiu  tz  from  that 
\  t'in,  cMtiniatod  at  800  Ib-i.,  yio1di'd,on  dry  (^nisliing,  in  ii  hand- 
mortar,  lili  ounces  of  gold,  loaving,  still,  all  tlu;  ymall  gold,  in 
tho  tailing,  which  would  probably  swoll  tho  whole  yield  to  24 
ounces  for  800  li»s.,  or  00  ouuoom  to  the  ton  of  2,000  lbs. 

Tlu!80  ex;uni)le8  might  bo  multiplied, — as  every  district  has 
its  remarkable  stories,  —  but  I  have  continod  Tuyself  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  exam]»les  which  came  to  my  kriowlodgo. 

THE   GOLD   COMMISSION. — TENURE   OF   GOLD   LANDS. 


By  the  law  oi'  the  Provincial  Legislitture,  the  conditions  of 
mining  aic  substantially  as  follows:  The  fee  of  the  mineral 
lands  is  in  tlic  Crown,  and  all  mines  arc  worked  on  a  royalty, 
amounting,  in  tho  case  of  gold,  to  three  per  centum  of  the 
gross  returns.  A  district  having  been  determined  to  contain 
gold,  it  is  declared  by  the  Gold  Commissioner  to  be  within 
assigned  limits  a  Cold  District.  It  is  then  surveyed,  and 
laid  off  into  "areas,"'  which,  :ts  the  law  now  stands,  are 
three-f(jnrtlis  of  an  acre  each,  ov  150  feet  on  the  supposed 
course  of  a  vein,  and  250  feet  in  tho  other  di.rectioii.  Any 
individual  who  has  discovered  a  new  locality  (.)f  gold,  becomes, 
in  virtue  of  the  right  of  discovery,  entitled  to  (»ne  "free 
clium"  or  "area,"  which  he  is  at  liberty  to  select  where  he 
})leaseH.  If  the  owner  of  the  land,  on  notice  being  given, 
declines  or  neglects  to  exercise  his  prior  right  of  occupancy 
(^he  leaving  tiie  same  royalty,  however,  but  a  less  sum  down), 
then  tiie  Gold  Commissioner  may  sell,  to  the  first  applicant, 
as  many  '•areas"  as  are  called  for;  the  applicant  paying 
«lown,  for  each  "  area,"  the  sum  of  tea  dollars,  which  is  an 
advance  on  loyalty.     Th>>  pnrclKiser  then  becomes  obligated 


24 


to  work  tlie  "areas  ''  lie  has  purchased,  to  the  extent  of  one 
IjiiTiflrcd  diiys  hi  each  year,  for  each  lease  of  not  over  live 
"areas;"  Init  lie  may  elect  on  which  of  any  numbei'  of 
such  (;ontiu;iiou8  areas  he  will  work,  and  may  expend  all 
the  luhur  required  for  tho  whole  upon  tliat  one,  as  in  sink- 
in;:;-  a  t^liafi,  etc.  He  i^  ali^o  required  to  make  to  tlie  Gold 
Connui.ssiojiei  a  quarterh''  return  of  the  amount  of  labor  ex- 
pended, and  the  quantity  of  gold  obtained;  neo-lectin-;- to  do 
which,  he  forfeits  his  cl:i.im,  and  the  Gold  Commissioner  then 
has  the  right  to  sell  it  to  another  puroliaser.  All  owners  of 
quart;:  mills  are  alsc»  I'equired  to  send  oih'cud  returns,  under 
oath,  in  a  form  prescribed  by  law,  of  all  quarts,  ciiished. 
statnig  from  what  mine,  and  lor  whoso  account,  and  the  quan- 
tity obtained.  This  is  designed  as  a  check  on  the  miner,  as 
the  two  statements  must,  if  corretrt,  balanee  each  otiinr. 

Tho  Chief  Gold  Commissioner  resides  in  Halifax,  but  has  iiis 
deputies  in  each  gold  district,  whose  duty  it  is  to  see  that  the 
provisions  ol"  the  la.A\'  are  carried  out,  and  returns  duly  made 
eacl)  jnonth,  a(XH)mpanied  by  a  report  on  the  (.-onditioii  of  the 
industry  in  the  dis1ri(.'t  represented.  From  these  returns  the 
Gold  Commissions  prepares  a  Quarterly  L'xhibit,  whioli  lie 
issue>  in  ;i  *' R(.)yal  Gazette.''  The  Gold  Commissioner  also 
makes  an  Annual  Report  to  the  Provinnial  :"ferr<'lary,  giv- 
ing an  account  of  1  be  mining  operations  in  the  ^;everal  gold 
district'  of  the  rrovincf  during  the  previous  year.  This  Re- 
port, for  the  year  18f)2,  Is  a  valuable  document,  iu  which  the 
then  Chief  Commissioui-r,  .Mr.  Creolman,  gives  a,  large  amount 
of  interesting  and  inq>ortant  inlbrni:;tioii. 

The  Provincial  Law,  respecting  tha  gold  lieids,  was  plainly 
conceived,  in  its  first  draft,  in  the  nattu'al  idea  that  there  was 
to  be  a  repetition  in  Xova  8cotia  of  the  experience  of  Caliibr- 
nia  and  Australia,  and  that  thousands  of  ad\nmtun3rs  would 
j3ock  to  the  "diggings,''  with  the  expectation  of  washing 
gold  from  auriferous  sands.  How  completely  dillerent  from 
this  Wh.)  actual  expcriiuicc  in  Nova  Sc(ttia  is  has  already 
been  expl;iine(l,  I  have  given  good  pliy>i''a,l  autl  geologi- 
cal   retisoiis    wliy    i'.    :'hou!d    be    .-:o.       It    i^-'    ['iaui    that    gold 


I 


25 


— 4,- 


miuing-  in  Nova  Scotia,  as  in  Caiit'oriii<i,  can,  as  a  rule,  be  car- 
ried oil  only  by  well-organized  corapiinies,  with  sullicient 
capital  to  make  systematic  and  long-sustained  oxplorationR. 
Fortius  purpose  tlio  small  ''areas"  (20  by  50  feet),  at  iirst 
laid  off,  were  found  totally  inadecpiate,  and  those  now  made, 
of  three-quarters  of  an  acie,  are  much  too  small,  taken  -singly. 

It  is  only  where  many  sui.'h  ''areas"  are  talvcn  consecu- 
tively, that  a  snllicient  stretch  on  a,  vein  is  obtained  to  au- 
thorize regular  nu'ning. 

Such,  it  will  be  seen,  has  been  the  course  adopted  by  ail 
companies  from  the  United  States.  The  law  has  lately  re- 
ceived important  m(jdifications  with  a  view  to  compel  negligent 
occupants  of  adjoining  claims  to  bear  their  part  of  the  burden 
of  keeping  the  vein  free  of  water,  on  pain  of  forfeiture  for 
neglect,  after  20  ihiys'  notice.  Suitable  provisions  are  also 
needed  to  authorize  tlie  extension  of  levels  through  the 
claims  of  intervenijig  proprietors  in  depth,  on  ecpiitable  terms, 
and  here,  no  doubt,  the  principle  of  the  common  lav/,  by  which 
an  owner  has  right  of  access  to  his  laud  over  the  laud  of 
anothei-,  in  certain  cases,  will  apply. 


METHODS   OF  DRESSING   AXD    IMALGAMATING  GOLD   GEES,   IN  NOVA 

8C0TIA. 

The  quartz  is  best  reduced  by  stamping  mills,  and  is 
cracked  by  a  machine  which  resemliles  Blake's  stone  breaker, 
preparatory  to  stamping.  The  use  of  lire  to  calcine  the  quartz 
is  Irequent  although  not  universal,  and  opinion  is  divided 
upon  tlie  desirableness  of  this  treatment;  not  that  there'is  any 
d('ubtof  the  saving  of  labor  and  time  in  crushing,  but  whether 
the  additional  cost  is  not  more  than  a  balance  for  its  advan- 
tages. The  best  stamps  are  those  which  have  an  iron  rod, 
and  revolve  with  the  litter,  falling  from  50  to  120  blows  per 
minute  in  batteries  of  four  or  six.  llic  English  Mills,  erected 
under  the  direction  of  Messrs.  Phillips  and  Darlington,  of  Lon- 
don, are  excellent  examples  of  the  best  kind  of  non-revolving 
stamps.     They  strike  in  iron  mortars,  with  movable  linings 


26 


I 


ifJ  ; 


and  solcB.  Tlio  shoes  which  wear  loii.^v.st  and  most  evenly 
are  cast  from  the  well-known  Franklinilo  ir')n,  a  variety  re- 
markable for  hardness  and  great  strongtli  eombinecl ;  the 
screens  vary  iu  lincness  I'rom  40  to  80  hok>s  to  the  linear 
inch.  Where  the  use  of  mercury  in  the  battery  is  adopted, 
the  mortar  l^cd  is  heated  by  steam  or  hot  water. 

The  old  Chilian  mill,  an  edge-wheel,  is  still  in  use,  and  it  18 
said  that  upon  the  barrel  quartz  of  Laidlaw  Hill  it  has  made 
better  returns  than  the  stamps,  which  may  be  very  true  Avith- 
out  commending, either  system  very  highly,"'"  as  it  is  certainly 
true,  that  very  few  of  the  mills  have  done  as  well  as  they 
should  do  in  saving  gold. 

The  usual  amalgamation  process  in  the  Nova  Scotia  mills  is 
by  amalgamated  plates  of  copper,  boxes  of  mercury  set 
before  the  stam|)s,  rifles,  sliaking  tables  and  blankets.  A 
few  use  the  round  iron  pan,  with  mercury,  somewhat  similar 
to  (he  California  pan.  Such  is  essentially  the  case  in  the  Eng- 
lish mills,  and  in  these  alone  did  1  observe  a  Ilaudts  buddle 
at  the  end  of  the  system,  to  concentrate  and  save  the  pyrites. 

Experience  has  shown  in  California  that  the  old  plan  of 
amalgamation,  by  riiles  and  the  system  of  copper  plates  cov- 
ered with  mercury,  is  veiy  imperfect  and  unsatisl'actory,  and 
iu  its  best  state  can  save  not  over  GO  to  75  per  centum  of  the 
gold  which  the  fire  assay  shows  to  be  present.  Hence  the 
almost  universal  adoption  of  the  system  of  concentration  by 
the  iron  pan  with  mercury,  which  is  only  a  very  highly  im- 
proved and  methodized  "  arrastra  "  mill.  I'he  one  most  usu- 
ally adopted  is  Wheeler's  pan  and  agitator,  or  Hepburn  nnd 
Peterson's  pan,  which  is  a  somewhat  more  complicated  system 
than  Wheeler's.  Those  pans,  when  properly  conducted,  save, 
it  is  said,  on  the  authority  of  Kiistel,  a  mining  engineer  of 
experience,  not  less  than  95  })er  r-ent.  of  all  the  gold  shown  to 
be  present  by  the  fire  assay.f 


I 


f 


*  Assays  niadf  uiKlor  my 'lirccl ions  ou  tin- waste  or  (ailinj;s  from  "hnrrel  quart/,"  ru!i 
Ihroiij^li  ii  .«tain';)itig  mill  at  Waverlcy,  slmwccl  t)ic  prcs-co*'*'  of  nearly  fiftoen  pennyweights 
of  gold  to  tlie  tin  •)f  t;!iling.s,  not  over  eight  pi'iuiywiMirhts  having  Oeen  stivod  in  the 
oriijinal  workiiip-. 

t  Xcradd  cnid  ( 'uAif^niin,  J'rocesii(ti  of  Silver  and  Gold  Extraction,  etc.  Hy  Gi  IDO  KCs- 
Ti'L,  miuin;:  (.'nyhifcr  nnd  metallurgist,  nhi.siniled  by  accurate  engravings.  Sau  Frau- 
Cisco :  F.  n.  C.\11LT<)>-.     ISlK.    fivn.    jm.  oZ7. 


27 


1 


* 


COMPABATIVI^   ADVANTAGES  OF   CiOLD  MINING  IN  NOVA   .SCOTIA  ANT) 

ELSEWHERE. 

In  tho  siime  papoi",  ulready  quoted,  Prof.  .Phillips  speaks  as 
follows  of  tho  gold  Ix^'iiiiiii'  voins  of  Novu  Scotia  :  — 

*'Tlio  tliicknoss  of  its  ju.iriferous  veins  is  porhiips  less  than 
tlioso  of  (^diforuia  and  some  otliur  conntrios,  ))ut  tliey  are 
generally  speaking  richer,  in  visible  gold,  thantlie  average  of 
those  I  liave  seen  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  It  must  also 
be  taken  into  consideration,  that  Nova  Scotia  possesses  many 
decided  advuiitagcs  over  both  California  and  Australia.  ]"]ach 
of  those  countries  is  situated  at  a.  g'-oat  di'^tance  from  Europe, 
a,nd  can  only  be  reached  after  a  long  and  expensive  passage, 
and,  as  a  natuivd  consequence,  wages  were  for  a  long  time  ex- 
ceedingly high,  and  provisions  proportionally  dear.  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  contrary,  is  within  an  easy  distance  both  from 
Earo|>:.'  and  Liie  United  States  of  AnKM'ica,  and  possesses  a  con- 
siderable settled  population,  of  intelligent,  industrious,  and  sober 
people,  eminently  adapted,  after  a  little  experience,  to  become 
steady  and  cflicient  miners.  The  whole  of  the  gold-bearing 
portion  of  the  province,  also,  lies  v/ithin  a  convenient  distance 
from  the  coast,  which  abounds  with  magnificent  harbors,  afford' 
ing  am|)le  security  to  shipping,  whilst  wood,  in  large  quantities, 
is  to  bo  (n-ery where  procured  Ibr  all  descriptions  of  raining 
purposes,  and  an  abundant  snpply  of  water  js  generally  to  be 
met  with  for  the  ])urposes  of  wasln'ng  and  amalgamation. 

''From  these  circumstances  it  is  impossible  that  wages  can 
(n-cr  i-oach  t!i(>  extravagant  rates  tliat  mainly  led  to  the  failure 
of  neaj'ly  all  the  gold  mining  enterprises  of  185l!.  Since  which 
period  many  of  the  mines  have  been  advantageously  worked, 
whirjt  wert'  then  abandoned  on  account  of  the  enormous  ex- 
penditure necessary  to  carry  on  the  operations." 


B  i 


KXTRAOT  FROM   Linri-I!  (II'   I',,  (j.  WILSON, 


HLI'IOKINTENDKNT   (  HKIUCTO   GOLD    MINING   Cl». 


Nova  Scotia,  March,  l.siil. 
G-ENTLEMEN  :  — 

The  Comy)any  adjoining  your  prop«3r1;y,  t^ince  3^)11  were  here, 
have  crnslied  from  lot  IG8,  elose  to  our  western  boundary,  one 
lot  of  ore  which  yielded  two  and  one-half  ounces  j>cr  ton,  and 
have  another  raised  wliich  looks  equally  promising.  I  an- 
ticipate handsome  returns  from,  this  lead,  and  shall  give  it  my 
particular  attention. 

On  the.Tud(jr  Lead  1  liuve  twentv-eiijlit  jueii  at  work ;  it  is 
now  opened  8-50  feet  in  length.  Most  of  the  labor  lor  the  past 
fortnight  on  this  lead  has  been  expended  in  opening  new 
shafts  and  preparing  it  for  greater  convenience  of  operating 
ratiiei-  than  raising  ore,  and  as  a  result  I  may  mention  that 
the  last  contract  given  for  raising  the  quartz  was  at  $4.50  per 
ton  against  $({.50.  the  ])rice  at  iirst  given.  This  Iciid  will 
eventually,  I  believe,  Ix'  worked  at  less  expense  than  iinij  In 
the  Province.  J  t  also  perceptibly  improves  as  we  go  deeper, 
and  the  prospects  frou)  some  ol  our  pits  are  very  encourag- 
ing. Our  neighbors  to  the  wt>,st  of  us,  down  some  forty  feet 
deeper  than  we,  are  fjuite  jubilant  over  recent  successes. 

1  cnclosu  a  statement  i»f  proposed  operations  for  the  coming 
season,  with  estimate  of  cost  and  requisite  capital,  to"^whi('li  I 
I'ospect fully  call  vdui'  attention.  It  is  tru(^  a  less  a,mounl  ol' 
capital  Jiiight  do;  this  Avill  depend  in  a  great  measure  to  what 
extent  the  ru)>q)any  may  wish  operations  puslM.'d.  I  speak 
advisedly  in  saying  that  they  have  scope  and  property  enough 
to  employ  double  the  amount  named  if  deemed  a<1visable. 
But  whatever  aiuoiint  may  be  recpiiic'il  tuo  mucli  caution  can- 
not  l>e  I'xertused   in  expending  it,  ajul   not  ^.-ontinuc  (?xp(3ndi- 


¥ 


J 


29 


an- 


I 


ture  when   VGimm  dirtatos  it  sliould   be  rtuspeudecl,  nor  yd 
suspenrl  because  a.  xveek  or  fortnio-ht's  returns  are  rliscourag- 
ing.     r  have  bemi  upwards  of  nine  years  pra(;tically  engaged 
m  gold  mining,  and   Jiax-e  seen  a  great  deal  mure  eapiral  in- 
vested   Chan  eN'er  yielded  a  divi.U'nd,  and  n^y  estimate  upon 
the   820,000   IS   sim])ly   tin's:   1hat  it  should  either  place  the 
imnes  ni  recpiisite  p^jsition  to  yield  good  dividen<ls,  or,  incase 
of  iurthei-  discoveries  and  more  capital   being  requii-ed,  to  do- 
monstrate  s..  fully  its  feasibility,  that  the  re-skt  shaU  he  'more  a 
matter  of  ccrtnhiiy  iJam  spccuhdion.     \A^ithout  makijjg   anv 
predictions  as   to  future  results,  1   would  point  to  one  fiict: 
that  It  is  now  two  and  a  half  years  since  the  discovery  of  o-okl 
in  tlie  district,  and  y^,\,  ir,   the  face  of  total  inexperience  in 
mnnng  matters  aud,  comparatively  speaking,  witij  uo  caj.ital, 
each  party  depending  u].on  the  month's  returns  to  meet  the 
month's   bills,  with  inefficieiit  and  expensive  luachinerv,  the 
nn"nes  have  steadily  continne<l  to  imj.ro\-c,  obtaining  a  I'eputa- 
tion  second  to  none  in  the  IVovince,  anil  a  re^^^^Jf/i/oy^.  too,  i/;/«cA 
has  a  solitl  foundaUoiL     Therefore,  on  these  grounds  I  pj-od. 

H'Mf<»      M       ImI-II'O      !•/  >I  till  I  .  ,.  ....4   .'        .  . 


icate  a  large  remuneration. 


B.  C.  WILSON. 


n  Y  -  L  A  w  s 


OK  riiK 


CHEHKTO   GOLD    MINING    (JOMI'ANY 


OF    NOVA    J^rOTIA. 


i! 


ART] CLE    I. 

The  Anniuil  Meeting  of  tlie  .Stockiioldcrs  of  the  Cliebucto 
Gold  Mining  (Annptun  of  Novii  Scotia  sjjall  lie  held  in  the 
city  of  Boston,  ou  the  first  'ruesday  of  every  ]VI.ai'ch,  at  such 
time  and  place  as  the  Directors  ftball  a[)point.  and  such  meet- 
ings ma,y  \m  adjourned  from  time  to  time  and  from  place  to 
place  without  publishing  or  giving  farther  notice. 

ARTICLE   n. 

Tlie  ofiic(irs  of  tiie  Company  shall  be  live  Directors,  one  of 
whom  shall  be  President,  a  Treasurer  and  Secretary,  who  mav 
be  one  and  the  same  person.  Tht-  Directors,  also  the  'i'reas- 
urer  and  Secretary,  shall  be  choseii  by  the  Stockhohlers,  at 
tlieir  (irst  meeting,  and  thereafter  at  the  annual  meetings  of 
the  (Company  :  and  shall  continue  in  oflico  until  the  next  suo 
ceeding  annual  meeting,  or  until  others  are  chosen  ;iiid  ac- 
cepted in  their  places. 

The  President  si  tail  be  (diosen  i^y  the  Board  of  Directors 
from  one  of  their  nnmber.  at  their  tii'st  meeting  after  election, 
or  at  soiiu'  adjournment  tho'eof :  and  thereafter  at  thtdr  first 
meeting  next  su'-ccediiig  the  jumiial  meeting. 


31 


ARTICLE   III. 


The  President  sliall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Company, 
and  of  the  Directors  ;  and  in  the  event  of  his  absence,  resig- 
nation, or  inability,  a. President j^ro  tenqiore  maybe  appointed. 


,. 


ARTICLE   IV. 

The  Treasurer  shall  have  the  ciLstiKlv  of  all  moneys,  valu- 
able  papers,  books,  and  accounts  of  the  Comparjy,  subject,  at 
all  times,  to  the  inspection  and  control  of  tiie  Directors.  He 
shall  give  orneg'otiate  such  notes  or  bills  of  exchange  for  such 
amounts  and  at  such  times  as  the  business  of  the  Company 
may  require,  and  at  the  Directors'  order,  but  for  no  other 
purpose  :  and  he  shall  or  may  endorse  notes,  checks,  or  bills 
of  exchange  received  by  the  Company  in  the  prosecution  of 
their  business,  making  careful  i-ei.jrds  thereof  in  the  books  of 
the  Company.  He  shall  record  all  transfers  of  stoclv,  shall 
cancel  and  carefully  preserve  certiticates  of  all  stock  trans- 
ferred, and  shall  jjerforni  all  duties  pertaining  to  the  office  of 
Treasurer.  He  shall  take  suitable  vouchers  for  all  moneys 
paid  out  by  him  on  account  ol'  tlm  Com])any:  but  no  money 
shall  be  so  i)aid  unless  by  written  ap})roval  of  one  or  more  of 
the  Directors.  He  shall  give  a  bond  for  the  ftiithful  perform, 
ance  of  his  duties  in  tho  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  satisfac- 
tory to  the  Directtirs. 

ARTICLE    V. 

The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  and 
doings  of  the  Corporation.  In  event  of  his  absence  or  inabil- 
ity, a  Secretary  pro  tempore  may  be  chosen. 

ARTICLE    VI. 

The  Corporation  seal  shall  be  a  circle,  on  which  shall  be 
borne  tlie  name  of  the  Company,  and  the  year  of  its  organiza- 
tion.    It  shall  be  in  the  custody  of  the  Treasurer. 


ARTICLE    VII, 


The  Directors  shall  have  tlie  general  supervision  and  con- 
trol of  the  Company  alTaiis.     They  shall  hold  theiv  first  meet. 


32 


ing  upon  duo  notice  beting-  given  by  the  St^cretary,  and  there- 
alVer  siiall  nieot  ut  such  times  and  places  as  they  may  deem 
nuflful  and  convenient.  The  Secretarv  shall  notitV  meetino-s 
of  the  Directors  uj)oii  the  request  oi'any  two  oi"  their  number, 
by  giving  written  or  printed  notice  of  the  time  and  place 
thereof  to  each  Directer.  The  Directors  may  appoint  such 
agents  or  superintendents  as  they  may  deem  best,  and  may 
fix  the  comi)ensation  of  the  Treasurer  or  of  any  other  person 
employed  by  tlie  f'ompany.  'J'hoy  shall  also,  froni  time  to 
time,  order  sucli  division  of  the  jn-oHts  of  the  Company  as 
they  may  think  advisable  :  and  at  any  of  their  meetings  three 
Directors  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of 
business. 


ARTICLE    VIII. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  Corporation  shall  be  $500,000,  to 
consist  of  100,000  shares,  of  the  par  value  of  five  dollars,  cer- 
tificates of  which,  signed  by  the  President  and  Treasurer, 
shall  be  issued  to  the  several  Stockholders,  under  the  seal  of 
the  Corporation,  and  be  duly  recorded  by  the  Treasurer,  upon 
their  first  issue,  and  upon  every  subsequent  transfer  of  the 
same  ;  said  certificate  shall  be  as  follows :  — 


No.  Certificate. 


(£l)cl)«cl0  ^alii  Sliniitg  (Lompnn 


OF  NOVA  SCOTIA. 


No.  transfer. 
From 

To 


tK^M  SL  ires. 


For 


Boston, 


^'"•g^l^^      CAPirAL,  $S0(),000.     ^^^S^^' 

~i  This  ciiiTiriEs  Thut                                of 

I  i*  entitled  to                      sliiircs  innnhernil                            in 

'Stamps  tl'*'  i:iipit!il  .stock  of  the  CHEiu;tTo   (Un.u    Mixing   Com- 

I  vxyy  cii'  XovA  Scotia,  iiico-itorutcd  nndfr  the  Gl-r  Chup- 

(  ter  ol'  t]in  General  Statutes  of  the  Stiite  of  Mussuchusetts, 

'  sul-i;  't  to  the  By-Laws  of  the  Coini)!iiiv,  iviid  transferable  by 

iShares  ,ij-^if;iinii'nt  iiml  surrenik'i-  of  this  cvn'tificate. 

i  ; 

j  :       In  witne.ss  wiieueof,  t!i'.'  I'lvsideut  and  Treasurer  have 

I '    alHxed  their  signaturos  hereto  this  da} 

of  186 

TaEASUBER. 


S 

o 


s 

Ol 


186 


Received  certljicate 

as  above.  President 


3« 


id  there- 
ay  deem 
meeting'3 
number, 
lid  place 
)iiit  such 
•and  muy 
er  person 
1  time  to 
mp'any  as 
ing-s  three 
taction  of 


500,000,  to 
oUars,  cer- 
Treasurer, 
tlio  seal  of 
Lirer,  upon 
sfer  of  the 


■  %\  ives. 

in 
iNisG   Com- 


6in  (.'hap-    % 

lustbrable  by     ^ 

£ 


S5" 


The   followiiis^  is   adopted   as   tlio   forni   of  tnuisfer,  to   be 
priiit(Ml   upcm  each  certiHcato  :  — 


KOK    VAI-I'K    KlU  ICIVKD, 

itasi^ii  to 

Mining  Oomi'Any. 

Dated  thin  dnv  of 


lierohy  sell  and 
Kliaiort  ill  tlio  CiiEBuoTo  Gold 


1«6 


AUTICLE    IX. 

Special  Meetings  of  the  ('onipany  may  Ix'  ordered  by  tlie 
Direcjtors  at  such  times  as  they  may  deem  host;  and  they 
shall  order  the  same  to  ho  called  on  tiie  written  application  of 
jtersons  owning"  ono-(piartei-  in  vahie  ai  the  shares  of  said 
('omj)any ;  all  which  meetings  shall  lie  held  at  such  time  and 
|»lace  as  the  Dircc.'tors  shall  order,  in  the  city  of  Boston  :  and 
the  i^ecrotary  sliall  give,  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  every 
annual  and  sjiecial  meeting-,  by  publication  in  some  news])aper 
[)rintcd  in  the  cit}:'  of  Boston,  seven  days,  at  least,  previous  to 
the  time  specified  for  holding  such  meeting,  and  by  printed  or 
written  notice,  sent  to  each  stockholder,  of  recor«l.  The  Bec- 
f(>tary  shall  record  the  date  on  which  he  jiublishes  each  notice 
upon  the  Reconl  Book  of  the  Company,  and  such  record  shall 
bo  conclusive  evid(;nce  of  the  fact.  At  any  Annual  or  Special 
Meetijig,  persons  or  cor|)(u*ations  holding  or  re})rescnting  one- 
(piarter  |)art  in  nund)er  of  the  shares  of  the  Company,  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  to  transact  business. 

AUTICLH    X. 

These  Ry-Laws  may  be  altered  or  ani(^nded  at  any  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Company,  or  at  any  Special   Meeting,  in  the 
•iill   for  whi(^]i  noti^'e  shall   be  given  that  nn  alteration  will  be 
proptisod. 


etisuver  have 


* 


REAbl-KEB. 


